Movement-magnifying mechanism of gauges and like measuring instruments



Sqn. 2 1924.

W. TAYLOR Movlmzur MAGNIFYING uzcnmrsu oF GAuszs -Arm LIKE MEASURING Ins'rnuun'rs 2 Shoots-Shut 1 filed Jan. 2, 1920 Q.. sa

.rIIlllllll Sept. 2 1924.

w. TAYgoR MOVEMENT MAGNIFYING MZCH'ANISM OF GAUGES AND LIKE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Flfd Jan. 2. 1920 2 Shoots-Shoot 2 Mrk/5555 MM@ Patented Sept. 2, `1924.

UNITED STATES PAT-ENT oFFicEf.

WILLIAIvr TAYLOR, or LnIcns'rnr'i.,` ENGLAND.

MovmlrENT-MAGNIFYING'MECHANISM 0F GAUGnsANn LIKE MEASURING INSTRU- v mnN'ns. l

Application lc January 2, 1920. Serial No.- 349,111.

provide an improved form and lconstruction Y. Figuresv 5, 6 and 7 of such apparatus. A further object of: the

invention is to provide improved appara.-

tus for engineers" use in measuring or coinparing gauges and the like. Y

Mechanism constructed in vaccordance lwith this invention'comprises, a roller havingv spectively the one to a supporting .frame and the other to the objectV the movement of which is to he magnified, the bands being so disposed as-to-beput in: tens'on by said turning means in turning Y the roller.

The accompanying drawings illustrateone form of apparatus embodying this invention and adapted for engineersuse in measuring vor comparing gaugesand the like.

.Figure lf-is a s'de elevation and F figure?, a part sectional plan view oiithefcomplete instrument; .l y p lFigures Sand tare respectively a plan and .a side elevation of the ,roller and bands on a larger-scale, the bolt, Washers and arm ,being omittedin these views-for A.the vsake of greater clearness; Y

are sections taken'on 'the -lines 5-5, :6 6 and :7e-7, respectively, inl Figure 4; and l `Fgurevtl is arview of therolleitaken-fin the direction indicated by Vthe arrow 8 in Figure 3 showingthe bolt, Washers, vsaddle Ypiece and arm, the bands beingoinitted' for the sake of greater clearness.

`In this form of the apparatus a; hollow frame a has a cylindrical stem Z). ivhicli isV conveniently formed as--a tube Sliding,V over partei theframe Varto enclosethe principal Working parts or give access to them, and

is secured to said frame by a screw c at the end thereof. The instrument niay'beheld by this stein in the socket of a machine or other apparatus.

. Sliding 1nV bearings in lugs` d, be,l on the frame a 1s a bar f, .the outer end of Which projects from the frame d andserves as the t ,Y

gauging point 16k ofthe instrument. Acollar g p nned to thebar f receives the thrust of a compression spring fh, the other end of which .thrusts against the luge, thus tending to advance the measuring point ot` the f bar f to the left, Figures l and 2. Avshaft y' provided with a knurled knob 7c is journaled transversely Within the frame aand 1s cut awayso as to provide a shoulder m,

F ignre 1,@Which engages the collarg so as f to.v enable the bar f to be forced backkto. the right, Figures' l and 2, agafnst the action ofthe spring h to facilitate the placing of the object to be measured under the measuring point of the b ar. f. The other end ot the bar f `is formed With a. head fn, and movenient. of the bar. f. to vthe right is restricted by an. abutmentl against which thehe'adi will bear when the: bar` fis'in its extreme pos'tion lonto theright. Behind the head 'n is disposedla. suitable recessedvcross'head v0 to Which,` inanaxial vplane ofthe 'bar f. are attached the endsI of .the Vbranches of a`Yfsliaped band pthe other end ofoyvhich Aband bendsxround vthewcentral part g' of a roller, is attachedzto a saddle piece r disposed longitudinally ofl said roller, and -nally is'attaclied to alighttension spring s attached tothe frame a.: The central partg of the rolleris slightlylarger n diameter than its end parts t, t and over these latter parts t, t arevbent-two bands u, nbreach: attached'atone .endtoi theY saddle piece r and at theother end toY the frame by screws o, The yarrangement fs, such' that the Y,

springs maintains 'the bands p, a, o; in ten,

sion,i. and Vwhen .any displacement,- ofv the barff occurseit causes the roller-4,15, t :to be Yturned through fan. angle which de iends not only upon the extent of the displacement of the barifbut also .uponthe relative radiiv of the central .party and the end parts t,`, t`

of the roller. lBy arrairging that thev stresses inthe bands pp, iii-,waA are ivellbelow ther yelastic limits, it. is practicable to get they Y in a dovetailed groove and held therein byv a plate 13 screwed to the frame a.

The saddle piece r to which the bands p, u, u. are attached is clamped between the washer af and the inner end of the arm fy as most clearly shown in Figure 8 in order to retain the saddle piece in position upon the roller Q, t, t. By loosening the bolt w the saddle piece r may be adjusted circumferentially about the roller.

In order to give to the roller Q, z5, greater stability than it would have if the bands u, u lay in an axial plane of the bar f, seatings 14, 14 inclined at a small angle to said plane, are provded on the frame a, as shown, and the bands u, u are caused to lie on said seatings 14, 14 under the pressure from the roller Q, 1,?,75 due to the tension in the bands.

The bands u, u. may be regarded as consti tuting inl effect one band, since their functions are the same,but by employing vtwo a symmetrical arrangement is obtained and even distribution-of stress in the Vbands :s promoted; this particular arrangement is not, however, essential.

For the purpose of adjusting the instrument in the course of manufacture so that the readings on the scale 11 may be correct in spite of variationsin component parts, for example in the diameters ,of the proller, the central part Q of the roller may be slightly eccentric to its Vtwo ends t, 't so that, by loosening the bolt w the roller maybe turned within the bands p, u, u and the saddle piece 7' adjusted circumferentially of the roller so as to vary the distance between the surface of the central part Q and the partof the surface ofthe end parts It, t which contact with the portions of the bands u, u which are resting upon the seatings 1.4, 14. .1 I

The mechanism described affords a means for measuring minute movements of the gauging point 16 of the bar f relat've to the frame a by readings of the position of the pointer 3 upon the scale 11.( A slight movement of the gauging point 16` relative to the frame results -in a relatively Yvery large movement of the end o f the pointer 3 upon the scale 11. This results from the operation Yof the roller Q, t, t'and the bands 79, u, u. As the rolling movement of the roller upon the portion of the bands u seated upon the linclined seats 14 is very slight, the roller is in effect a lever ulcrumel at the points of Contact F of the surfaces t, t with the portions of the bands u, u which lie upon the inclined seats 14,14 (Fig. 3). The bands u, u restrain movement of the fulcrum point toward the left and balance the ull of the upper and lower portion of the yand ,p upon the roller. Still regarding the roller as a lever, it is apparent that the length of the arm of the lever to which movements of the bar f are applied by the lower portion of the band p is equal to the distance from the fulcrum point F of the lever to the point A on the surface of the portion Q of the roller at which the lower portion of the band p Vis tangential to this surface, or to be strictly accurate, to the projection of this distance upon a plane perpendicular to the lower portion'otl the band p. The length of this arm is thus approximately equal to the difference in radius between the part Q and the parts t, t of the roller, but is dependent also upon the angle between the lower portion of the band pl and thel portions of the bands 10,10 which lie on the seats 14, 14. This angle is dependent upon the angle between the axis perpendicular to the upper portion of the.

bandV j?. This' distance is approximately equal to the diameter' of the porton t plus the difference in radius between the portion Q and the portions t( It is apparent,-tl1ere fore, that slight movements of the lower portion of the band p acting upon the short arm of the lever will result in relatively large movements of the upper portion of the band p acting upon the long end of the lever. The movement is, however,not measured by the displacement of the upper portion of the band p, but a further magniattached at the center of the roller, so that angular movement of the. l'pointer as the roller turns about the fulcrum point F will be the same as if the pointer 3 projectedf upwardly from the center of the roller'fawa'y from-its fulcrum point. Thus considering the pointer 3 as a part of the lever formed by the roller Q, t, t, it is seen that the length of the lever arm to Awhich motions of the bar f are applied, comprises as already stated the projection upon a plane perpendicular to the lower portionjof the band y) of 'the distance F A', or approximately the 115 y cation is obtained by use of the long pointerf. The right-hand end of this pointer is r gidlyl differencein radius between theV portions t and the portion'g, 4While the length Vof the' arni of the lever Which determinesthe movement of the end of the pointer 3 is substantially equal to the rad-iusv ofthe portion t plus the length of the pointer 3. Thedifference between the length of these arms determines the ratio of magnification obtained vhich in the mechanism'described may easily be made as high as 500 to l.

It will be noted that-the operation of the roller" in causing t-hs magnification would be the same if the band p Were used in con'- nection` With only one of-tlie bands u. In this case, however, the pull of the band p and one band u on the roller Would tend to swing the axis of the roller around; It is thus apparent that one of the bands u may be regarded as cooperating with the band p andthe roller to lcause the magnification, While the other band may be regarded as having the function of counterbalancing the tendency of thesertivo bands to turn the vaxis of the roller.` v

By the means described therefore, magnifying mechanism is produced VWhich may have a ratio so high as, for example, 500

to 1, Which is Without sliding motion in its vital parts, Without friction orY backlash, and requires no'lubrication. Such a fiictionless high ratio lever is obviously applica# ble to many uses in measuring and recording instruments, for example in barographs, and is not restricted toi the Vexaiiiple described and illustrated.

1. Movement magnifying i mechanism, comprising the combination With van object the movement of which' is to be magnified and a Vsi'ippoiting member, of a roller having parts of different diameters, means tending to turn said roller, and flexible bands attached to the roller so' as to Wind on said parts of different diameter respectively and from opposite directions, thebands ybeing sol dis posed as to be put iii tension by said turning Y means and being attached, respectively, one

to the supporting member, and the other to the object the magnified.

2. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising the combination with an object the niove'mentof Whichis to be magnified land afixed suppoi't, of a roller having parts of different diameters, a flexibley handhaving lone' of'its endsattached tothe fixed support andthe other of its ends attached tof'said roller so as to Wind on one of the partsvofY said roller, and a secondiflexible band having one of its ends attached to the objecttlie movement of which is to bemagnified, said lbandpassing around the other of theV parts of said roller and being. attached to the roller, and a spring tending to turn the roller' so' as lto put saidbands in tension.

3. MovementV the movement of -Wliich isto" be magnified and a supporting member, of a roller havingv tivo endparts of equal diameter and a een# tral part of diferent'diameter, means tendL ing to turn` saidu roller, av-fiexi'ble4 bandattached to the roller so as to Wind onrth-e'cene ti'al part thereof froml one direction, Vand a pair of flexible bands attached to the roller so as to Wind the end'po-rtioiis thereof from the opposite direction,A saidv band and said -magnifyiiig mechanism, Y comprising the combination .With an obJectf pair of bands being so disposed as vto be t,

put in` tension by said turning lmeansand being attached, respectively/the one tothe.

supporting member, Aand theY other to the object the movement of which is to beniagnified: f Y,

4. Movement magnifying mechanism,

comprising'ra frame, a, bar slidable -in said frame, a roller havingparts of different ,diameters, meansA tending to turn said roller, and flexible bands attached to said roller' so as to Wind on said parts of different diamei ters, respectively, from opposite directions, the bands being so disposed as `to be put in tension by said turning means, one of said bands lying substantially parallel to the di'-`V i'ection of motion of said bar and being. atL

tached tothe bar, and the other of. said bands being inclined-to the direction of inotion of said bai' and being attachedv to said frame.

o. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising the combination ,with aii object -the movement of which is toy be magnified and a supporting member, of a roller having Vparts of different diameters, ymeans tending ito turn' said roller, a' saddle piece extending longitudinally of said roller andV attached thereto, and flexible bandsattaclied to said saddle piece so as to Wind on saidparts of the roller respectively from opposite directions, the bands being so disposed as'to be put in vtension by said turningmeans and being attachedfi'espectively, one to the sup-v porting member, and the'otherftol the object vthe movementof Which is to be magnified;

movement'o'f which is to be 6. Movement magnifyingmechanism, c1omprising .incombination with a supporting member Vand `an obJect the vmovement `of which isV to be magnified, a roller having Y parts of ydifferent diametersfplaced eccen-v tricallyy with respect. to veach otlier',-fiexib1e conneoting'lmembers attached' to the roller and adapted to Wind on said parts of the roller respectively 'fromopposite directions, said connecting members being attacl'iedme iac-V to the supporting member and the other to Y the object the Vmovement of Which-is tobe magnified, means for counterbalancing the thevaXis of the ro1lei',and meansfor adtendency ofthe connecting members totiirn i tial relation with different parts of the circumference of the roller.

7. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising in combination with a supporting member and an object the movement of which is to be magnified, a seat upon the supporting member, a roller having parts of different diameters, flexible connecting members attached to the roller and arranged to Wind upon said parts of different diameters respectively from opposite directions, resilient means adapted to place said connecting members in tension and to urge the roller toward 'said seat, and means for counterbalancing the tendency of the connecting members to turn the axis of the roller.

Y 8. Movement magnifying mechanism, coinprising in combination with a supporting member and an object the movement of which is to be magnified, a seat on said supporting member, a roller having parts'of different diameters, flexible connecting members attached to the roller so as to Wind on said parts respectively, from opposite directions, means for placing said connecting members in tension, and means for counter- -balancing the tendency of said connecting members to turn the axis of the roller, one 0f said connecting members extending in the plane of said seat and being attached to the supporting member and the other of said members being attached to the object the movement of which is to be magnified and extending at such an angle to said seat that. the connecting members pull the roller to Ward the seat.

9. Movement magnifying mechanism, con prising the combination with an object the movement of which is to be magnified, of a frame having a seat thereon, a roller having parts of different diameter. a liexible band having one of its ends attached to said i" rame and the other of its ends attached tovsaid roller so as ,to Wind on one of said parts of said roller, said band extending in the plane ofthe surface of said seart-` a second flexible band having one of its ends attached to the object lthe movement of which is to be magnified, said sec-ond band extending at an angle to the surface of said seat passing around the other of the parts of the roller and being attached to the roller, and a spring tending to turn the roller so as to put said bands in tension andy to press the roller against said seat.

10. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising the combination with an object the movement of which is to be magnified, of a frame having a seat thereon, a roller having parts of different diameters,- flexible bands adapted to Wind upon said parts of the roller respectively fromv opposite directions, one being attached to said frame and extending in the vplane ofthe Surface of said 1l. yli/lovement magnifying mechanism,

comprising in combination with a supporting member and an object the movement of Which is to be magnified, a seat upon the supporting member, a rollery having two end parts of equal diameter and a middle part of a different diameter, .a flexible band attached to the roller so as to Wind on the middle part thereof from one direction, a pair of flexible bands attached to the roller so as to wind on the end parts thereof from the other direction, said band and said pair of b-ands being attached respectively, the one to the supporting member and the other to the object. the movement of which is to be magnified, and resilient means tending to urge the roller toward the seat.

12. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising a frame, a bar slidable axially in said frame, seats o-n said frame in a plane inclined to the axis of said bar, a roller having end parts of the same diameter and a central part of differenty diameter, a pair of flexible bands attached .to the frame and to said end parts ofthe roller, a liexible band having one end attached to said bar passing around the central portion of said roller and attached thereto, and a spring kattached to the other end of said band and tending to turn said roller and to press said roller and said pair of bands against said seats. Y

13. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising a `frame, a bar slidable axially in said frame, seats on said frame in a plane inclined to the axis of said bar, a roller having end parts of the same diameter and a central part of different diameter, a. pair of flexible. bands attached to the frame and to the roller so as to wind upon said end parts, a flexible band having one end attached to said bar passing around the central portion of said roller and attached to the roller, a spring attached to the other end of said band and tending to turn said roller and to press said roller 'and' said pair of bands against said seats, and means whereby the position of the points. of. attachment of said bands to the roller may be changed along the circumference of the roller.

14C. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising a frame, a rbar slidable axially inV said frame, a seat on said frame inclined to the axis of said bar, a. roller having parts of different diameters, fiexible bands, one

attached to said bar and one attached to said frame and extending in the plane of the surface of said seat, adapted to Wind upon said roller from vopposite directions, and means for attaching said bands to the roller, such means being adjustable circumferentially of the roller. Y

l5. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising in combination a supporting member and an object the movement olf which is to be magnified, a roller having end parts of the same diameter and the middle part of a different dia-meter, a member extending longitudinally of the roller along one side thereof, a Hexible connecting member attached to said longitudinal member and arranged tol Wind upon the middle part of the roller from one direction, a pair of flexible connecting members attached to the longitudinal member at equa-l distances from the point of attachment of said first-mentioned connecting member and adapted to wind upon the end portions of the roller from the opposite direction, said 'connect-ing member and said pair of connecting membersbeing attached respectivelyto the supporting member and the object the move ment of which is to be magnified, and means. for placing said connecting members, in tension so as to'draw said longitudinal member toward the roller. Y

16. Movement magnifying mechanism, comprising a frame, a scale upon said frame, a bar slidable axially in said frame and having a gaugingpoint extending from the frame, a roller having parts of diffe-rent diameters, flexible bands attached to said parts of the roller respectively so as to Windv on said parts Vfrom opposite directions, oneV of said handsy being attached to the frame and the other to the bar, means tending to turn the roller so as'to place said bands in A tension, and a pointer attached to said roller and having an end adjacent to said scale,

said scale. and the end of said pointer being at the end of the frame from which said gauging point projects.

WILLIAM TAYLOR. 

